When the kidneys malfunction, dialysis is used to support the body in removing waste and excess fluid. For dialysis to be efficient, doctors have to be provided with a safe way to transport blood from the body. An AV fistula is the name given to this access point.
Simply put, an AV fistula is a surgical procedure that joins an artery (which carries blood away from the heart) and a vein (which returns blood to the heart) together. To enable the flow of both a strong and steady blood for dialysis, it is usually done in the arm.
What Is an AV Fistula?
An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is a new path that is made surgically between an artery and a vein.
Since the artery is the one with higher pressure and more blood flow, the vein that gets connected to it will become thicker and stronger gradually. After some time, this bigger vein will be easier to access and will be able to be indwelled with the needle pricks of dialysis, which are repeated and necessary.
How AV Fistula Surgery Is Done?
An AV fistula surgery is done in a very similar way, step by step, which is demonstrated below:
- Preparation: Before the operation, the doctor, with the aid of ultrasound, physically examines the blood vessels in your arm to find the best place for the fistula.
- Anesthesia: The area is made numb with local anesthesia. Occasionally, general anesthesia might be used.
- Making the Fistula: The surgeon, with a small incision, reaches the blood vessels in your arm and sews an artery and a vein together. Thus, the vein can get blood at a high pressure like that in the artery.
- Closure: The incision is closed with stitches, and the arm is bandaged.
- Recovery: The duration of the operation typically ranges from 1 to 2 hours. Most of the patients are allowed to go home on the same day.
The time required for the fistula to “mature” i.e., for the vein to become strong and wide enough for dialysis, typically is 6–8 weeks.
In case you need an AV fistula treatment in Ludhiana, make sure that a surgically skilled vascular doctor who has the right know-how for making durable and long-lasting fistulas does your operation.
Common Problems With AV Fistulas
Even though AV fistulas are very dependable, they could lead to complications sometimes. Knowledge of these problems enables one to facilitate early detection and get the right treatment.
1. Blood Clots
Blood clots that close off the fistula drastically reduce blood flow. This might occur if the blood pressure is very low or if the blood is too viscous as a result of dehydration. Clots must be cleared without delay to avoid the loss of the fistula.
2. Narrowing of the Fistula (Stenosis)
After a certain period, the connection or vein may get narrow. This lowers the volume of blood flow and thus dialysis becomes less effective. The doctor can solve the problem with the help of a small operation like angioplasty (a small balloon is used to open the vein).
3. Weak or Bulging Areas (Aneurysms)
The repeated dialysis needle insertion cause the thinning of the vein wall and the vein bulge. These bulges become large sometimes and in order to prevent rupture, the doctor has to remove this part of the vein through surgery.
4. “Steal” Syndrome
Often, the fistula is getting so much blood that the hand is left with a lack of blood supply. This might lead to coldness, numbness, or pain of the fingers. In such instances, the adjustment of the fistula may be necessary.
5. Poor Maturation
Some fistula don’t mature in the proper way and stay small and thus cannot be used for dialysis. Early detection of it gives doctors the opportunity to take steps to fix it before starting dialysis.
How to Care for Your AV Fistula
Using the right methods, your AV fistula can last a long time and be in good condition. Here is some advice on how to look after it:
Daily Care Tips
- Clean the area where your fistula is located on your arm every day with gentle soap and water.
- Locate the “thrill” (a vibration or humming sensation) which indicates that the blood is circulating properly.
- Look for the symptoms of swelling or redness at the site of the fistula.
Things to Avoid
- Besides tight clothes, bands, or jewellery, do not put any other thing around the fistula arm.
- Refrain from sleeping on the arm and putting pressure there.
- In no case, let the pressure of blood or IV lines be on the fistula arm.
When to See a Doctor
Normally, an infection is not the cause of an AV fistula. However, if bacteria penetrate the skin and reach the fistula area, they can cause an infection. The marked signs are redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. In order to prevent the evolution of dangerous diseases, it is essential that kids are taken to a doctor immediately after these symptoms being noticed.
Choosing the Right AV Fistula Treatment in Ludhiana
Your surgery location for AV fistula should not be chosen in a hurry. Select a city or a centre that provides:
- Highly skilled vascular surgeons.
- State-of-the-art facilities for imaging and mapping the area before surgery.
- Care after the operation and frequent check-ups.
- Knowledge and skill in managing scenarios, such as obstructions or infections, that may complicate the patient’s condition.
When you require treatment for an AV fistula in Ludhiana, it is best to opt for a vascular specialist who can look after you not only during the planning stage and surgery but also for the long-term follow-up period.
About Dr. Luv Luthra
Dr. Luv Luthra is a highly qualified Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon located in Ludhiana. He is acknowledged for his proficiency in dealing with intricate vascular disorders like varicose veins, diabetic foot problems, peripheral arterial disease, and hemodialysis patients creating AV fistula.
With his advanced education (MBBS, MS, MCh, DNB) and several years of clinical practice, Dr. Luthra strives to offer excellent vascular care to patients. Besides, he is currently occupying the position of Senior Consultant at Global Heart & Super Speciality Hospital, Ludhiana, and Chand Vascular Centre & Diabetic Foot Clinic, holder of the Director post.
Final Thoughts
AV fistula is a must-have for patients on dialysis. It is the best way to support blood purification: safe, long-lasting, and efficient; however, it also calls for correct management and monitoring.
If you reside in the state of Punjab and need dependable AV fistula treatment in Ludhiana, don’t delay in meeting with a seasoned vascular surgeon like Dr. Luv Luthra, which, in turn, assures a net benefit. Together with the right timing of the treatment, professional advice, and a good daily routine, you will be able to reap the benefits of the procedure for quite a while and thus enjoy dialysis at a more comfortable level.